Cutting values

$n=\frac{v_c\cdot 1000}{\pi \cdot D_c}$

The spindle speed is a key factor when machining various materials. It indicates how many complete revolutions a rotating tool or workpiece makes around itself per minute. This speed directly affects machining quality, efficiency, and tool wear. The selection of the correct spindle speed depends on the material being machined, the size of the tool, and the cutting speed. Too high a spindle speed can lead to faster tool wear and poor machining finish, while too low a speed can reduce efficiency and cause the tool to build up an edge.

$v_c=\frac{D_c\cdot \pi \cdot n}{1000}$

Cutting speed defines how quickly the cutting edge of the tool moves across the material's surface during machining. The unit of cutting speed is meters per minute (m/min), indicating how many meters the tool's cutting edge travels over the material's surface in one minute. This speed directly affects the efficiency of the machining process, the quality of the final product, and tool life.

$v_f=f_z\cdot n\cdot z_c$

Feed rate is a key concept in milling and refers to the distance the tool moves relative to the machine table over one minute. This directly affects machining efficiency and quality. A higher feed rate means the tool advances more quickly, which can improve machining time, but too high a feed rate can lead to tool wear and a degradation of surface quality.

$f_z=\frac{v_f}{n\cdot z_c}$

Feed per tooth is a term used in milling to describe the distance moved by the tool's cutting edge during one revolution. Optimal feed per tooth should consider the material being machined, the type and material of the tool, as well as the cutting width of the chip removal process.

$Q=\frac{a_p\cdot a_e\cdot v_f}{1000}$

Material removal rate is a key metric in machining, describing how much material is removed from the workpiece over a certain time. A higher material removal rate means more efficient material removal. Optimizing the material removal rate can significantly improve the economic efficiency and quality of the machining process. When the material removal rate is balanced with the capacity of the machine being used and the material of the workpiece, optimal machining conditions can be achieved, tool wear reduced, and the quality of manufactured parts enhanced.

$h_m=f_z\sqrt{\frac{a_e}{D_c}}$

Average chip thickness indicates the true thickness of the chip in side milling, directly affecting the quality of the machined part, tool wear, and machining time. Optimizing average chip thickness helps achieve more efficient and economical machining. Understanding and managing average chip thickness enable better surface quality and improved tool life. Average chip thickness plays a crucial role in improving milling performance and reducing production costs.